The pilot is responsible for calculating the effective value based on the actual weight and air density. In many cases, they are defined by reference to the standard atmosphere or other specific conditions, taking into account the aircraft's maximum gross weight. Usually, V speeds are relative to the air through which the aircraft is moving and are thus airspeeds. (The 'V' stands for velocity.) They are established by the manufacturer during design and testing and are specific to the aircraft model. V speeds are speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft. In real life we often use average speed (denoted v ~ Speed as a physical property represents primarily instantaneous speed.

speed of light in vacuum (symbol c) is one of the natural units.

Mach 1 ≈ 343 m/s ≈ 1235 km/h ≈ 768 mph (see the speed of sound for more detail)

Mach, where Mach 1 is the speed of sound Mach n is n times as fast.

knots (nautical miles per hour, symbol kt).

kilometers per hour, (symbol kph or km/h).

meters per second, (symbol m/s), the SI derived unit.

In the SI (metric) system, it is measured in meters per second (m/s). The dimensions for speed are distance/time. Where d is the distance moved by the object (or its 'displacement') and t is the time it takes to move through that distance. The average velocity (v) of an object moving a The speed or velocity of an object is calculated by a simple mathematical formula: When an object (such as an aircraft) is moving horizontally as well as vertically, a distinction is made between its ' forward speed' and its 'climbing speed.'īoth speed and velocity are measured in the same physical units, but speed does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Vehicles often have a speedometer to measure their speed.

Average speed symbol